One-hour Postload Plasma Glucose Research Articles

Correlation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness with One-hour Postload Plasma Glucose (1h-PPG) in Overweight and Obese North Indian Adults

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular morbidities like arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis have a negative association with insulin resistance, which can be identified by carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurement. One-hour postload plasma glucose (1 h-PPG) is a novel marker for early identification of insulin resistance, but very few studies are available on its relationship with CIMT. Objective: To identify the correlation of CIMT with 1 h-PPG in overweight and obese adults without diabetes. Methods: Individuals not having known diabetes or other chronic illnesses were identified and subjected to the initial anthropometric analysis for body mass index (BMI) calculation. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed on individuals with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 for 1 h-PPG values, and a B-mode ultrasound scan of the neck was used for CIMT measurement. A Pearson’s correlation statistical test was applied for correlation identification. Results: A total of 94 nondiabetic individuals participated, of whom 55 (58.5%) were women. Mean age, BMI, and CIMT values of the study population were 38.8 (±8.09) years, 29.6 (±3.22) kg/m2, and 0.72 (±0.10) mm, respectively. Average 1 h-PPG levels were 150.7 (±21.11) mg/dl, and the Pearson’s coefficient (r) value with CIMT was 0.5792 (P < 0.05). Further, correlation analysis demonstrated an r-value of −0.0029 for BMI, −0.1293 for waist-hip ratio, −0.0047 for waist-height ratio, 0.3862 for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and −0.2930 for 2 h-PPG. Conclusion: In euglycemic adults, the early insulin resistance defining parameter, i.e., 1 h-PPG levels had a consistent positive correlation with CIMT, which is a marker of the initial stages of atherosclerosis.

One-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose and Altered Glucometabolic Profile in Youths with Overweight or Obesity.

In youths, two cut-offs (133 and 155 mg/dL) have been proposed to identify high glucose levels at the 1 h (G60) mark during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We evaluated which cut-off was more closely associated with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in 1199 youth with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and normal fasting glucose and/or HbA1c. The disposition index (DI) was available in 724 youths. The sample was divided by two cut-offs of G60: <133 mg/dL (n = 853) and ≥133 mg/dL (n = 346), or G60 < 155 mg/dL (n = 1050) and ≥155 mg/dL (n = 149). Independent of the cut-off, youths with high levels of G60 showed higher levels of G120, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides to HDL ratio (TG/HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lower insulin sensitivity (IS) and DI than youths with lower levels of G60. The percentage of youths showing IGT, IR, low IS, high TG/HDL ratio, high ALT, and low DI was 50% higher in the G60 ≥ 133 mg/dL group than in the G60 ≥ 155 mg/dL one. In youths with OW/OB and IGT, a cut-off of G60 ≥ 133 mg/dL is more useful than G60 ≥ 155 mg/dL to identify those at high risk of IGT and altered CMR profile.

One-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose Levels are Associated with Early Arterial Stiffness in Subjects with Different Glucose Tolerance.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between one-hour post-load plasma glucose levels and early arterial stiffness in subjects with different glucose tolerance.MethodsThis case-control study included 57 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 38 subjects with pre-diabetes, and 30 subjects with type 2 diabetes. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g of oral anhydrous glucose at 8:00 AM. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was used as a surrogate marker of early arterial stiffness.ResultsbaPWV was significantly higher in the diabetes group than in the normal glucose tolerance group (diabetes group: 1501.8 ± 270.4 cm/s, pre-diabetes group: 1428.6 ± 173.1 cm/s vs normal glucose tolerance group: 1368.0 ± 242.8 cm/s) (p < 0.05). baPWV was positively correlated with age (r = 0.512, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.526, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.298, p = 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.213, p = 0.017), 1-h plasma glucose levels from the OGTT (r = 0.407, p < 0.001) and 2-h plasma glucose levels from the OGTT (r = 0.202, p = 0.024). When baPWV was considered as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis, the 1-h plasma glucose level from the OGTT maintained an independent association with baPWV (β = 23.129, 95% CI: 8.142–38.115, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.036).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated the presence of early arterial stiffness in diabetes. Elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose level is closely related to the change of arterial elasticity in diabetes.

Oxidative Stress and Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Different Glycometabolic Phenotypes.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between oxidative stress and subclinical myocardial damage, assessed with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) patients with one-hour plasma glucose values ≥ 155 mg/dL (NGT ≥ 155), comparing them to NGT < 155 subjects, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) newly diagnosed patients. We enrolled 100 Caucasian patients. All subjects underwent OGTT. The serum values of oxidative stress markers (8-isoprostane and Nox-2) were assessed with an ELISA test. Echocardiographic recordings were performed using an E-95 Pro ultrasound system. We observed significant differences, among the four groups, for fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.0001), one-hour postload (p < 0.0001), and two-hour postload plasma glucose (p < 0.0001). As compared with NGT < 155, NGT ≥ 155 exhibited significantly worse insulin sensitivity and higher values of hs-CRP. No significant differences were observed between NGT ≥ 155 and IGT patients. There was a significant increase in 8-isoprostane (p < 0.0001) and Nox-2 (p < 0.0001), from the first to fourth group, indicating an increase in oxidative stress with the worsening of the metabolic status. Serum levels of 8-isoprostane and Nox-2 were significantly increased in NGT ≥ 155 compared to the NGT < 155 group, but similar to IGT. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) appeared progressively lower proceeding from the NGT < 155 to T2DM group (p < 0.0001). For similar values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), NGT ≥ 155 exhibited reduced GLS compared to NGT < 155 (p = 0.001), but similar to IGT patients. Our study demonstrated that NGT ≥ 155 subjects exhibit early functional impairment of myocardial contractile fibres, these alterations are correlated with increased oxidative stress.

One-hour postload plasma glucose levels as a new criterion for assessing insulin secretion in obese children

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and associated dysglycemic conditions, increasing the risk of diabetes development, continues to rise worldwide, most notably due to ever-growing obesity rate. Early identification of the persons who are exposed to the risk of T2DM development holds much significance for prevention of both this disease and associated cardiometabolic complications.AIM: To study characteristics of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity among obese children and adolescents versus the glycemic level 60 minutes (GL60) after the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).METHODS: This open-label comparative cross-sectional study involved 613 children in the age between 6 and 17.9 years old with constitutive-exogenous obesity, divided into 2 groups: 173 patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and 440 children with GL60 level &lt; 8.6 mmol/L. They underwent a screening for dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, arterial hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin secretion was evaluated on the basis of maximal (IRI max), average level (IRI avg) of insulin in the course of OGTT and insulinogenic index (IGI), insulin resistance (IG) — by Matsuda index.RESULTS: The groups were comparable in the terms of age, sex, sexual maturation stage and obesity level. Children with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L were characterized by higher IR (Matsuda 2.8 ± 2.3 vs 3.5 ± 2.2, р &lt; 0.01), hyperinsulinemia (IRI max 190.0 ± 59.5 vs 157.1 ± 63.4 μU/ml, р &lt; 0.001, IRI avg 115.3 ± 59.7 vs 90.2 ± 54.1 μU/ml, p &lt; 0.001) along with low IGI value (1.84 ± 1.62 vs 2.61 ± 1.3, р &lt; 0.01), which is indicative of the first phase insulin secretion impairment. The lowest IGI values were found among the "GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L" group patients with IGT (1.4 ± 0.9). Besides, the patients with GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L are characterized by the higher rate of metabolic complications in the form of impaired glucose tolerance, arterial hypertension, fatty hepatosis and steatohepatitis.CONCLUSIONS: GL60 level ≥ 8.6 mmol/L can be used as an additional marker for metabolically complicated obesity among children and adolescents with a high risk of the carbohydrate metabolism disorder development.

One-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose in Obese Indian Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Study from North India.

Background:Metabolic perturbations and hyperglycemia are increasingly identified as causal factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance, an indirect marker for initiation of NAFLD can be promptly diagnosed with standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One-hour postOGTT plasma glucose measurement can have a significant impact on early identification of dysglycemia with NAFLD and may be superior to fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose.Objective:To assess 1-hour post OGTT plasma glucose levels and presence of NAFLD in obese adults.Materials and Methods:In this observational study, we included 101 consecutive obese (body mass index >25 kg/m2) participants of age 20–50 years without known illness of diabetes mellitus. Their anthropometric and laboratory characteristics were recorded and a standard OGTT was performed. Plasma glucose (PG) levels were measured during fasting, 1-hour (1-hour-PPG), and 2-hour (2-hour-PPG) intervals. All participants underwent ultrasound of the abdomen by a single, experienced observer for fatty liver (FL) grade assessment. Comparison of the PG and FL was done by the Chi-square test and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant with a 95% confidence interval. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 (IBM® SPSS Statistics Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).Results:The result demonstrated that 53 adults had 1-hour-PPG values above the cutoff (≥155 mg/dl), whereas only 20 individuals had raised PG at 2 hours (≥140 mg/dl). All study subjects (100%) had an evidence of FL disease on ultrasound scan. Among these, 33 had grade I and 68 participants had grade II or III FL. About 41.6% of individuals had deranged 1-hour-PPG levels and higher FL grades as compared to 11.9% individuals with raised 2-hour-PPG values and FL of same grades. The relationship between 1-hour-PPG and FL grades was also statistically significant (P value <0.05).Conclusions:1-hour-PPG levels were more deranged in obese adults without diabetes, and had more consistent and significant relationship with higher FL grades than the 2-hour-PPG levels.

Détection précoce des désordres glycémiques par la glycémie une heure après une hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale

L’hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale (HGPO) est indiquée et effectuée chez les patients pour lesquels on suspecte des anomalies du métabolisme du glucose. Les critères de diagnostic du diabète sont assez codifiés. Cependant l’état prédiabétique est associé à une perturbation moins prononcée de la glycémie à jeun et/ou de celle après 2 heures. Pour réaliser une HGPO, il faut mesurer la glycémie avant l’administration de 75 g glucose et deux heures après. Des prélèvements à 30, 60 et 90 minutes sont souvent réalisés en plus des deux prélèvements des temps obligatoires. Depuis quelques années, la mesure de la glycémie 60 minutes après l’administration de 75 g de glucose, est devenue une pratique de plus en plus courante. Cette pratique semble être plus fiable en post HGPO chez des sujets dont le profil glycémique normal et qui ont une glycémie à 60 minutes supérieure ou égale à la valeur de 1,55 g/L.

1439-P: One-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Level Predicts Future Type 2 Diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese: A 12-Year Follow-Up Analysis

Background: There is a resurgence of interest in the role of 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (PG) in risk stratification for type 2 diabetes and a cut-off of 8.6 mmol/L has been proposed to define dysglycaemia in addition to other existing criteria of prediabetes. We examined the efficacy of 1-hour PG level in predicting future type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal community-based cohort of Hong Kong Chinese. Methods: Between 2001-2003, 489 adults without diabetes underwent 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin levels. Between 2012-2014, progression to diabetes was ascertained either by reviewing medical records or by repeating OGTT and HbA1c. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the discrimination of each parameter (fasting PG, 1-hour PG, 2-hour PG, disposition index) for development of diabetes. High 1-hour PG was defined using threshold of 8.6 mmol/L. Results: Over 12-year follow-up, 46 people (9.4%) developed diabetes. The area under ROC curve were 0.79 (95% CI 0.71, 0.86) for fasting PG, 0.84 (95% CI 0.78, 0.89) for 1-hour PG, 0.79 (95% CI 0.72, 0.86) for 2-hour PG, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.71, 0.85) for disposition index with no difference between each parameter. In multivariate logistic regression, high 1-hour PG was associated with new-onset diabetes with odds ratio (OR) 4.87 (95% CI 1.91, 14.1, p=0.002), independent of impaired fasting glucose (OR 2.19 [95% CI 0.87, 5.32, p=NA), impaired glucose tolerance (OR 3.69 [95% CI 1.67, 8.27, p=0.001]) and other clinical variables including age, sex, smoking, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, waist and blood pressure. Conclusions: One-hour PG is similar to fasting and 2-hour PG in prediction of type 2 diabetes. High 1-hour PG identifies people with high risk of diabetes independent of other criteria of prediabetes and clinical risk factors. Disclosure A. Luk: Research Support; Self; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Roche Pharma. Other Relationship; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. E.S. Lau: None. A.P. Kong: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Sanofi. Other Relationship; Self; AstraZeneca, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Sanofi. E. Chow: None. R.C. Ma: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca. Stock/Shareholder; Self; GemVCare. Other Relationship; Self; AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, Tricida Inc. J.C. Chan: None.

SAT-012 Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening? Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Universal or Selective Screening?

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: universal or selective screening?Introduction:The presence or absence of risk factors is often employed in screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The risk factors for GDM includes previous delivery of macrosomic babies, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, previous GDM among others. The impact of selective screening is yet to be fully evaluated in our environment.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of selective screening on diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitusMethodsThe study was a prospective open cohort study carried out from 1st March to 30th November 2017 at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) before commencement of the studyAll the pregnant women were categorized into either risk group or control group based on the presence or absence of clinical risk factors for GDM. All participant had 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance test (OGTT) done at 24 to 28 weeks gestation and follow up till delivery.The data obtained were age, risk factors for GDM, fasting plasma glucose, one-hour post glucose load plasma glucose & two-hour post glucose load plasma glucose. The data were presented as mean, standard deviation, percentages & chi square. The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significantResultsNinety pregnant women were screened for GDM. Forty-four women had risk factors for GDM while 46 were non risk group. Their mean age was 32.6± 5 years. The mean age for the risk & non-risk group were similar.The overall prevalence of GDM using the IADPSG criteria was 23.3%. The percentage of women in the risk group with GDM was 38.6% while those women in the non risk group with GDM was 8.7% which was statistically significant (p value 0.004).DiscussionThe most commonly identified risk factors for GDM in this study were family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of unexplained miscarriage & previous history of delivery of macrosomic babies.Some women in the non-risk were diagnosed, even though the prevalence was lower than that observed among women with risk factors for GDM. Approximately one in ten women would have been missed if selective screening was employed in this study.Most of the women in the non-risk group who were diagnosed with GDM were managed with medical nutritional therapy while majority of women in the risk group had insulin therapy.ConclusionThe findings in our study further supports the idea of universal screening for GDM in order to avoid missed diagnosis.Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, Screening, oral glucose tolerance test

Synergistic Effects of 1 h Post-Load Plasma Glucose and Smoking on Arterial Stiffness in Apparently Healthy Men: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim: One-hour post-load plasma glucose (1h-PG) during an oral glucose tolerance test and smoking are associated with arterial stiffness. However, it remains unknown whether there are synergistic effects of these two factors on arterial stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between 1h-PG and smoking in relation to brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in young men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Methods: The study included 25-, 30-, 35-, 40-, and 45-year-old non-industrial male workers (n = 2189) who underwent a detailed health check-up. Normotensive participants with NGT and taking no medication were included.Results: A univariate linear regression analysis showed that 1h-PG correlated with baPWV (r = 0.13, p < 0.001), but the correlation was not significant in the multivariate analysis (β = 0.02, p = 0.24). However, we found a significant interaction between 1h-PG levels and smoking status in relation to baPWV (p = 0.048). Therefore, further analyses were conducted in nonsmokers and smokers. A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that 1h-PG significantly correlated with baPWV in smokers (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), but not in nonsmokers (β = 0.01, p = 0.79). The correlation remained significant even after adjustment for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (β = 0.096, p = 0.048) or the Brinkman index (β = 0.097, p = 0.043).Conclusion: A significant interaction between 1h-PG and smoking in relation to baPWV was found in apparently healthy men younger than 50 years old.

One-hour post-load plasma glucose level is associated with a worse metabolic profile in children with GH deficiency.

In children, the plasma glucose value at 1 h (1hPG) during OGTT higher than 132.5mg/dl is a predictor of alterations in glucose metabolism. We aimed to metabolically characterize GHD children according to 1hPG levels. Fifty-one GHD children (35M, 16 F; mean age 8.6years), grouped according to 1hPG, were evaluated at diagnosis and after 12months of GH treatment (GHT) and compared with 50 matched controls at baseline. Auxological parameters, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose and insulin during OGTT, lipid profile, the oral disposition index (DIo), the homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (Homa-IR), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were evaluated. At baseline, 31.4% of GHD children and 12% of controls (p=0.016) showed 1hPG≥132.5mg/dl. The first ones showed higher mean 1hPG (p=0.025) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.029) and lower HDL cholesterol (p=0.014) than controls. GHD with higher 1hPG showed a significant decrease in DIo (p<0.001) without improvement in lipid profile after GHT, compared with children with lower 1hPG. After 12months, the higher 1hPG group showed lower ISI Matsuda (p=0.047) and DIo (p<0.001) than the lower 1hPG group. 1hPG levels proved to be positively correlated with Homa-IR (p=0.010) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.032) and negatively with ISI Matsuda (p=0.001) and DIo (p=0.019). The 1hPG value at baseline was the only independent variable significantly associated with DIo at 12months (p=0.041). 1hPG level at baseline may be a useful tool to identify and properly follow up children with enhanced metabolic risk who probably need more surveillance during GHT.

[PP.18.14] ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ONE-HOUR POST-LOAD PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

[PP.18.14] ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ONE-HOUR POST-LOAD PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

One-hour post-load plasma glucose levels associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and secretion and early makers of cardiometabolic risk.

Obese adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but with 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1hPG) ≥ 155mg/dl are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiometabolic complications. Little information is available for the pediatric population, where recently, a lower cutoff, 132.5mg/dl, has been suggested as being more sensitive to identify subjects at risk of T2D. Our aim was to assess whether obese Caucasian youth with 1hPG ≥ 132.5mg/dl have worse insulin sensitivity and secretion and a worse cardiometabolic profile compared to obese youth with 1hPG < 132.5mg/dl. Medical records of 244 (43% male; age: 11.1 ± 2.7years) overweight/obese children and adolescents, who had undergone an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were retrieved. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected from the hard copy archive. Indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (WBISI), and insulin secretion (Insulinogenic Index, Disposition Index) were calculated. Of the 244 records analyzed, 215 fulfilled criteria for NGT and had complete biochemical data. Among NGT patients, 42 (19.5%) showed 1hPG ≥ 132.5mg/dL (high-NGT), while the remaining had 1hPG < 132.5mg/dL (low-NGT). The high-NGT group showed a higher male prevalence (59.5 vs 37%), lower Disposition Index (0.54 [0.39-0.71] vs 0.79 [0.47-1.43]), and WBISI (0.24 [0.18-0.35] vs 0.33 [0.23-0.50]) than the low-NGT group. High-NGT subjects also showed a trend towards lower HDL-cholesterol and higher triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (2.13 [1.49-3.41] vs 1.66 [1.24-2.49]). In overweight/obese NGT Caucasian youth a 1hPG ≥ 132.5mg/dL was able to identify those with impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion and a trend towards a worse cardio-metabolic profile, a group likely at risk for future T2D.

One-hour post-load plasma glucose level during the OGTT predicts dysglycemia: Observations from the 24 year follow-up of the Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension

AimsThe present study assessed the longitudinal association of an elevated 1-h plasma glucose [1-h-PG >8.6mmol/l (155mg/dl)] with and without impaired glucose tolerance [IGT; 2-h-PG 7.8–11.0mmol/l (140–199mg/dl)] with cumulative incident of diabetes and prediabetes over 24years in a non-diabetic cohort. MethodsFrom 1979 to 1984, 1970 non-diabetic men and women completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), physical and biochemical measurements as well as a questionnaire related to lifestyle and medical background. During the years 2000–2004, 853 survivors of the original cohort were interviewed and re-examined for glycemic progression. ResultsIndividuals with 1-h-PG >8.6mmol/l (155mg/dl) but with 2-h-PG <7.8mmol/l (140mg/dl) had a significantly elevated risk, compared to those with both 1-h-PG ⩽8.6mmol/l (155mg/dl) and 2-h-PG <7.8mmol/l (140mg/dl), for both diabetes [OR:4.35 (95%CI: 2.50–7.73)] and prediabetes outcomes [OR:1.87 (95%CI 1.09–3.26)], adjusted for sex and age, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and insulin. ConclusionsThe risk for diabetes associated with a 1-h level >8.6mmol/l (155mg/dl) is increased and further worsened in the presence of IGT. Identifying individuals at risk with a 1-h-PG glucose level during an OGTT is recommended.

One-hour postload plasma glucose levels is associated with the production of hydrogen peroxide in abdominal obese men with normal glucose tolerance

To study the effects of acute hyperglycemia on oxidative stress during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This case-control study was conducted on 21 abdominal obese men (waist circumference ≥90 cm) and 21 normal-weight men (waist circumference <90 cm) aged 20~50 years with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Cases and controls were matched for age. Blood samples were collected at fasting, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3-h postload, and assayed for glucose, insulin, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). On OGTT 0.5, 1 and 2-h plasma glucose values were higher in abdominal obese group than in normal-weight group (P < 0.05). The increase of glycemia during the OGTT was followed by a significant increase of H2O2 at 1-h (P < 0.05 versus baseline), which returned to baseline within 3-h in normal-weight subjects, but failed to do so at 2-h and 3-h in abdominal obese subjects (P < 0.05 versus baseline). MDA remained unchanged during OGTT. 1-h postload plasma glucose was positively correlated with fasting plasma H2O2 (r = 0.428, P = 0.005) and 3-h plasma H2O2 (r = 0.474, P = 0.002) during OGTT. In multiple regression analysis, 1-h postload plasma glucose maintained an independent association with fasting plasma H2O2 (β = 1.776, P = 0.006) and 3-h plasma H2O2 during OGTT (β = 2.720, P = 0.001). Hydrogen peroxide was elevated for longer periods of time postload in abdominal obese men. Elevated 1-h postload plasma glucose level is closely related with the change of hydrogen peroxide.

One‐hour post‐load plasma glucose and IGF‐1 in hypertensive patients

In normoglucose-tolerant subjects (NGT), 1-h post-load plasma glucose value ≥155 mg/dL, during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and subclinical organ damage. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and T2D. Moreover, hypertensives have different degrees of IR and different levels of IGF-1. Actually, there are no data supporting the association between post-load glucose and IGF-1; thus, the aim of the study was to investigate this relationship. We enrolled 1126 never-treated hypertensive subjects who underwent an OGTT and clinical characterization. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda index. IGF-1 was measured by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay. Among participants, 764 had NGT, 263 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 99 had T2D. According to the 1-h post-load plasma glucose cut-off point of 155 mg/dL, we divided NGT subjects into NGT < 155 mg/dL and NGT ≥ 155 mg/dL. NGT ≥ 155 in comparison with NGT < 155 had significantly reduced insulin sensitivity and IGF-1 levels. At multiple regression analysis, IGF-1 was the major determinant of 1-h post-load glucose in NGT ≥ 155 subjects, IGT and diabetics, accounting for 20·9%, 17·7% and 15·5% of its variation in the respective models. In hypertensive NGT ≥ 155 subjects, IGF-1 results strongly associated with 1-h post-load glucose, similarly to that observed in IGT and diabetics. This finding has clinical relevance because both low IGF-1 levels and 1-h post-load glucose in NGT subjects are associated with subclinical organ damage, an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.

Association between One-Hour Post-Load Plasma Glucose Levels and Vascular Stiffness in Essential Hypertension

ObjectivesPulse wave velocity (PWV) is a surrogate end-point for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A plasma glucose value ≥155 mg/dl for the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is able to identify subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at high-risk for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and for subclinical organ damage. Thus, we addressed the question if 1-hour post-load plasma glucose levels, affects PWV and its central hemodynamic correlates, as augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AI).MethodsWe enrolled 584 newly diagnosed hypertensives. All patients underwent OGTT and measurements of PWV, AP and AI. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by Matsuda-index.ResultsAmong participants, 424 were NGT and 160 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Of 424 NGT, 278 had 1-h post-load plasma glucose <155 mg/dl (NGT<155) and 146 had 1-h post-load plasma glucose ≥155 mg/dl (NGT≥155). NGT≥155 had a worse insulin sensitivity and higher hs-CRP than NGT<155, similar to IGT subjects. In addition, NGT ≥155 in comparison with NGT<155 had higher central systolic blood pressure (134±12 vs 131±10 mmHg), as well as PWV (8.4±3.7 vs 6.7±1.7 m/s), AP (12.5±7.1 vs 9.8±5.7 mmHg) and AI (29.4±11.9 vs 25.1±12.4%), and similar to IGT. At multiple regression analysis, 1-h post-load plasma glucose resulted the major determinant of all indices of vascular stiffness.ConclusionHypertensive NGT≥155 subjects, compared with NGT<155, have higher PWV and its hemodynamic correlates that increase their cardiovascular risk profile.

The change in one-hour postload plasma glucose levels, and an analysis of its related factors in abdominally obese Han Chinese men with normal glucose tolerance

ObjectiveThis study was to observe the difference in one-hour postload plasma glucose levels and analyze its related factors in abdominally obese men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). DesignThis case–control study included 36 abdominally obese men (waist circumference≥90cm) and 31 non-abdominally obese men (waist circumference<90cm) aged 20–50years with NGT. Cases and controls were matched in age. All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test with 75g of oral anhydrous glucose. Results0.5 and 1-h postload plasma glucose levels were higher in abdominally obese group than in non-abdominally obese group (P<.05). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 and 3-h postload plasma glucose were similar in the two groups (P>.05). 1-h postload plasma glucose was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.454), waist circumference(WC) (r=0.519), systolic blood pressure (r=0.456), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.338), triglycerides (r=0.439), and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=−0.391), 1/fasting insulin (r=−0.459), insulinogenic index (r=−0.357) and disposition index (r=−0.602) (P<.01). In multiple regression analysis, 1-h postload plasma glucose maintained an independent association with disposition index (β=−1.367, P=.000), WC (β=0.103, P=.000) and triglycerides (β=0.185, P=.017). ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the level of one-hour postload plasma glucose was elevated in abdominally obese men with NGT. Besides FPG and 2-h postload plasma glucose, we must also pay attention to the measurement of one-hour postload plasma glucose. Disposition index, WC and triglycerides were independently related factors for elevated one-hour postload plasma glucose.

One-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose Levels and Diastolic Function in Hypertensive Patients

OBJECTIVETo address whether glucose tolerance status, and in particular 1-h postload plasma glucose levels, may affect diastolic function in 161 never-treated hypertensive white subjects. Impaired left ventricular relaxation, an early sign of diastolic dysfunction, represents the first manifestation of myocardial involvement in diabetic cardiomyopathy. A plasma glucose value ≥155 mg/dL for the 1-h postload plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is able to identify subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at high risk for type 2 diabetes and with subclinical organ damage.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSSubjects underwent OGTT and standard echocardiography. Diastolic function was assessed by pulsed Doppler transmitral flow velocity and tissue Doppler imaging. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by Matsuda index.RESULTSAmong the participants, 120 had NGT, 26 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 15 had type 2 diabetes. According to the 1-h postload plasma glucose cutoff point of 155 mg/dL, we divided NGT subjects as follows: NGT <155 mg/dL (n = 90) and NGT ≥155 mg/dL (n = 30). Those with NGT ≥155 mg/dL had higher left atrium dimensions (P < 0.0001) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) (P = 0.037) than those with NGT <155 mg/dL. By contrast, early/late transmitral flow velocity and all tissue Doppler parameters were significantly lower in those with NGT ≥155 mg/dL than in those with NGT<155 mg/dL. At multiple regression analysis, 1-h glucose was the major determinant of left atrium area, IVRT, septal e′, septal e′-to-a′ ratio, lateral e′, and lateral e′-to-a′ ratio.CONCLUSIONSThe main finding of this study is that 1-h postload plasma glucose is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Subjects with NGT ≥155 mg/dL had significantly worse diastolic function than those with NGT<155 mg/dL.

One-hour post-load plasma glucose levels are associated with elevated liver enzymes

Background and aims Glucose-tolerant subjects who have 1-h post-load glucose levels ≥155 mg dl −1 (normal glucose tolerance (NGT)-1h-high) are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Prospectively conducted studies indicated that high levels of liver enzymes are predictors of a tendency to develop type 2 diabetes; however, it is unknown whether the NGT-1h-high subjects are at increased risk for secreting higher levels of liver biomarkers. Methods and results In this study, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed in a cohort of 1000 non-diabetic Caucasians and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured in these subjects. The NGT-1h-high subjects had increased levels of ALT and GGT, but not AST, as compared with the NGT-1h-low. Following adjustment for age and gender, the ALT, AST and GGT levels were all found to be significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides as well as fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin levels. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender, NGT-1h-high subjects were found to be at increased risk of having ALT levels in the highest quartile as compared with NGT-1h-low subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–2.52). In addition, NGT-1 h-high subjects exhibited an increased risk for having GGT levels in the highest quartile (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.02–2.17). These associations remained significant after adjustment for BMI, blood pressure and lipids, but were not significant following further adjustment for an insulin sensitivity index. NGT-1h-high subjects were at increased risk of having AST levels in the highest quartile as compared with NGT-1h-low subjects (OR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.04–2.22). This association ceased to be significant following adjustment for BMI, blood pressure and lipids. Conclusions These data suggest that a 1hPG ≥ 155 mg dl −1 cut-off may facilitate the identification of NGT individuals at risk of developing liver abnormalities.